Ever wonder why something that’s often portrayed as so natural can feel so challenging? If you’re a new mum, you might be asking yourself why breastfeeding isn’t as easy as it seemed in all those parenting books and videos. The truth is, while breastfeeding is widely recommended for its benefits, many new mums face real struggles.
In fact, in the UK, the breastfeeding rates are surprisingly low. While 81% of new mums plan to breastfeed, only 1% are still exclusively breastfeeding their babies at six months. Issues like engorgement, cluster feeding, and poor latching can turn what’s supposed to be a natural bonding experience into a tough journey.
But you’re not alone. With the right guidance, practical tools, and a dose of patience, you can turn breastfeeding into a fulfilling experience. To support you, we’ve consulted leading experts to provide you with everything you need to know—from understanding the benefits of breastfeeding to tackling common problems and finding practical solutions.
Benefits of breastfeeding
Breastfeeding is packed with benefits for both you and your baby. As Maria Myres, an antenatal teacher and Pippeta in-house lactation consultant explains, “There are so many benefits of breastfeeding I don’t know where to begin! For baby, a mother passes on antibodies through her breastmilk, which provides passive immunity for longer. The thick yellowish milk produced for the first few days following birth is particularly rich in antibodies.”
Breast milk isn’t just food; it’s a living substance that nourishes and protects your baby while building a strong bond between you two. “Breastmilk and our breasts are such a dynamic duo,” says Maria. “Breastmilk is a living organism that protects your baby and gives them the nutrients they need to stay healthy, build immunity, and strengthen the bond between you.”
In addition to its health benefits, breastfeeding is cost-effective, reducing the need for expensive medications and treatments. Plus, the release of oxytocin during breastfeeding can boost your mood andhelp with postpartum depression.
When do you start to produce milk?
Milk production begins shortly after childbirth. Initially, you will produce colostrum, a thick, yellowish fluid rich in antibodies. Milk typically "comes in" around 2-4 days postpartum, but the timing can vary for each mother.
How to know when it's time to feed
Baby’s hunger cues
Look for signs such as rooting, sucking on hands, or fussiness. Crying is a late hunger cue, so it's best to respond earlier.
Feeding frequency
Newborns often need to feed every 2-3 hours, including at night.
Feeding positions
Dr Penelope Law, consultant obstetrician, gynaecologist and member of the Luna Daily Medical Collective suggests, “The best breastfeeding position for first-time mums who are confused is typically demonstrated by your midwife. Usually, your baby will be positioned on a cushion, propped up just below your armpit.”
Choosing a comfortable feeding position can make a significant difference. Some popular positions include:
Cradle hold
Holding your baby in the crook of your arm.
Football hold
Dr Penelope says, “The football hold is often recommended for new mothers.” Supporting your baby under your arm.
Side-lying position
Lying on your side with your baby facing you.
How to latch
Proper latching is crucial for effective breastfeeding and preventing nipple pain. Follow these steps:
Position your baby
Align your baby's nose with your nipple.
Encourage open mouth
Gently touch your baby’s lips with your nipple to encourage a wide-open mouth.
Bring baby to breast
Once the mouth is wide open, bring your baby to your breast, ensuring the nipple is well into the mouth.
WATCH: A midwife shows how to breastfeed a newborn baby
How long to feed for
Newborns typically feed for about 10-20 minutes on each breast. However, this can vary, and it's important to let your baby feed for as long as they need to ensure they are getting enough milk.
How often to feed
Feed your baby whenever they’re hungry, which is typically every 2-3 hours. As your baby grows, they may start feeding less often. According to the NHS, the amount of milk you produce will adjust based on how frequently your baby feeds. So, let your baby decide when and how long they want to nurse.
Does breastfeeding hurt?
Breastfeeding shouldn't hurt when done correctly, but it can feel a little strange at first and some new mums can find the sensation uncomfortable during the first few days. If feeding is actually painful, this can be a sign that something is wrong so speak to your midwife, health visitor or a breastfeeding support worker. The good news is that there are lots of things you can do to alleviate discomfort.
Most issues are caused by uncomfortable placement and positioning, so it's worth experimenting to find the most comfortable way of holding your baby for you. If you're finding it difficult to get your baby into a good position for feeding, seek advice from an expert.
Common breastfeeding problems
Nipple Pain
“Nipple pain is sadly a very common occurrence,” says Maria. “It is always crucial to have a full assessment to find out why this pain is occurring, then find out how to fix it.”
Silver Nipple Cups can be particularly effective for healing. “The practicality of using Silver Nipple Cups to aid and speed up healing far outweighs the use of nipple cream and pads,” Myres explains. These cups utilise the antibacterial, antifungal properties of silver and can be combined with breast milk to create a soothing environment for healing.”
Engorgement
Engorgement usually lasts between 24 and 48 hours. To manage it, feed your baby regularly, express milk if needed, and use a warm compress to soothe discomfort. Cabbage leaves can also help reduce swelling. To prevent engorgement, aim to feed your baby at least eight times in 24 hours and ensure each breast is fully drained at each feed. Alternate which breast you start with to ensure even drainage.
Mastitis
Mastitis is an infection caused by blocked milk ducts, resulting in red, swollen, and painful breasts, along with flu-like symptoms.
If you develop mastitis, see a doctor; antibiotics are often prescribed. Continue breastfeeding, and use warm compresses and gentle massage to aid recovery.
Milk supply issues
“Milk supply worries always need to be addressed in medical assessment,” advises Maria. “We review nappy output and weight gain in combination. Other baby behaviours are most likely due to reasons other than a lack of supply. If a true supply issue is determined, we would then assess feeding and add pumping to offer top-up feeds to increase supply and provide visible reassurance.”
Dr Penelope also offers advice on maintaining a healthy milk supply: “Ensure your iron levels are within the normal range post-delivery, as they are often low. Boost your levels with iron supplements or iron-rich foods like steak, green beans, almonds, lentils, and dried apricots. Drink a large 500 ml glass of fluid, preferably water, before you start feeding and aim to finish it by the end of the feed. Rest as much as possible, especially in the early weeks.”
Tips for successful breastfeeding
Stay hydrated
Breastfeeding can make you thirsty. Make sure to drink plenty of water throughout the day.
Rest
Even if it feels contradictory, getting enough sleep is crucial for supporting milk production. Make sure to carve out time for naps or rest whenever your baby is asleep.
Seek support
Join breastfeeding groups or consult with a lactation consultant if needed.
The breastfeeding products you will be needing
On your breastfeeding journey, certain products and supplies can be incredibly helpful. Here are a few you might consider:
Breast pump: Ideal for expressing milk, building a stash, or easing engorgement.
Feeding bottles: Useful for bottle-feeding expressed milk and easing transitions.
Nursing pillow: Supports you and your baby for a more comfortable breastfeeding position.
Breastfeeding bras: Easy access and support for hassle-free feeding on the go.
Nipple cream: Soothes sore nipples, especially in the early days.
Breast Pads: Absorb leaks and keep you dry throughout the day.
Breastfeeding cover: Provides privacy while breastfeeding in public.
Nipple shields: Helps with latching and soothes sore nipples.
Breastfeeding FAQs
Do breastfeeding babies need water?
Because breast milk is 88% water, babies don't need any water while breastfeeding, although they may need more breast milk in hot weather.
Do breastfeeding babies need to be burped?
While they usually swallow less air than bottle-fed babies, burping can help if your baby seems fussy.
Can I get pregnant while breastfeeding?
Yes, it is possible to become pregnant while breastfeeding.
How long should I breastfeed for?
Continue breastfeeding as long as it works for you and your baby, typically until at least six months, with continued breastfeeding beyond that if desired.
Dr Penelope adds, “The best time to stop breastfeeding is very individual. Some mothers and babies enjoy continuing until 12 months or beyond, while others prefer to stop when solid foods are introduced and teeth start emerging.”
Advice for returning to work while breastfeeding
Once breastfeeding is well established, you can set a routine that works for you. “You can nurse only at night, you could nurse only morning and evening, or you can implement pumping,” says Maria “Structure it in a way that fits your lifestyle and provides flexibility.”
Help and support
Breastfeeding groups
Join local or online communities for support and advice. You can find a local breastfeeding support group through the Association of Breastfeeding Mothers. The Breastfeeding Network, National Breastfeeding Helpline and NHS also offer excellent support and resources."
Professional support
Consult a lactation consultant or breastfeeding counsellor for personalised help.
Maria emphasises the importance of professional support and adjusting feeding routines as needed. “Breastfeeding can be a challenge,” she says. “I always recommend having an IBCLC or breastfeeding counsellor to work with during pregnancy and after birth. A support network and someone to talk to will help with many daily insecurities and questions.”
Health care providers
Always consult your doctor or GP for medical concerns and advice.
About the experts
Dr. Penelope Law is a distinguished obstetrician and gynaecologist with 20 years of experience in central London. Her pioneering research in non-invasive techniques for treating uterine fibroids has garnered global recognition, positioning her as a leading expert advocating for alternatives to traditional surgery. Dr Penelope’s extensive studies on the impact of obesity during pregnancy have led her to establish and oversee an NHS antenatal obesity clinic in London. This initiative attests to her commitment to addressing critical health challenges affecting pregnant women.
Maria Myers is a highly qualified antenatal teacher, doula, and in-house lactation consultant at Pippeta. As an international board-certified lactation consultant (IBCLC), she has extensive experience in infant feeding support. Her dedication to supporting and educating families covers all aspects of infant feeding, including breastfeeding, pumping, combination feeding, and formula feeding. Maria's work reflects her commitment to providing comprehensive and accessible support for new parents.
About the author
Anne Lora Scagliusi is a Senior Digital Writer at Mother & Baby. She is a Scotland-based journalist with over a decade of international writing experience, specialising in women’s health, maternal mental health, and wellness. Her work has been featured in Vanity Fair, Marie Claire, and Glamour and has appeared on several Vogue global editions. She is mum to a one-year-old bambino and lives between Italy and the UK. You can follow her on Instagram.