Medically Reviewed by: Dr Ayanthi Gunasekera
As well as the beginnings of a beautiful baby bump, you'll start to experience other physical changes to your body at 16 weeks pregnant. You might notice your breasts getting larger and your waistline slowly expanding so if you've not started, now is a good time to go shopping for maternity clothes. You could be experiencing some aches and pains as your ligaments loosen and this is all perfectly normal at 16 weeks pregnant.
To find out what else you can expect, we spoke to consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Ayanthi Gunasekera and asked her about pregnancy symptoms and to learn more about how your baby will be developing.
How many months is 16 weeks pregnant?
At 16 weeks pregnant you are four months pregnant and in the second trimester of your pregnancy.
Baby development at 16 weeks pregnant
"At 16 weeks pregnant, your baby is approximately the size of an avocado or a clenched fist," says Ayanthi. This is about 11.6 cm long and weighs about three to four ounces. "Your baby is practising coordinated muscle movements, including those for sucking and swallowing," Ayanthi explains. "Facial expressions become more dynamic as the baby practices making different faces."
They’ll also start to make facial expressions, but won't really have any control over them just yet. By this time they'll be able to hear your voice, the sounds of your digestive system (they find it reassuring) and the music you play them. What's surprising is that studies have shown babies who hear a song in the womb, recognise it when it’s played once they’ve been born.
Your little baby's heart is pumping 28 litres of blood a day. They can also hold their head more steadily. "Bones are hardening, and the skeleton is becoming more defined," Ayanthi adds. "Hair growth on the baby's scalp begins and toe and fingerprints are forming_._" Plus your baby's eyes are becoming (slightly) sensitive to light and making small side-to-side movements even though they’re still shut.
Your fetus might be looking more like a baby, but they've still got some way to go. At the moment, they've not got any baby fat yet and their skin is still translucent. Both of these will change in a few weeks.
16 weeks pregnant symptoms
"Morning sickness may begin to subside for many women at 16 weeks pregnant," says Ayanthi. "Energy levels often improve, and you may feel more like yourself." However, you will likely still experience pregnancy symptoms including:
Nose bleeds
The mucous membranes in your nose also start to swell. This can leave you feeling pretty congested and even give you the odd nosebleed in pregnancy. If you’re really uncomfortable, ask your GP about pregnancy-safe nasal sprays, or try nasal strips.
Dark or pigmented skin
"Due to pregnancy hormones, some women may experience changes in skin pigmentation, such as the darkening of the linea nigra (a line on the abdomen)," says Ayanthi.
You may notice other areas of your body looking darker. Common examples of this are the areola around your nipple, and moles, freckles and birthmarks darkening. In most cases, pigmentation will disappear after birth, so isn’t anything to worry about.
Glowing skin
You might get some pigmentation, but now is the time you might start noticing that infamous pregnancy glow. Generally, pregnancy glow is used to describe the shiny, vibrant and refreshed-looking skin some women have while pregnant. Greater blood volume brings more blood to vessels, resulting in skin that looks flushed. Changes in hormone levels might also cause the skin glands on the face to secrete more oil which can make skin look slightly shinier.
Vaginal discharge
This has been a symptom on and off for several weeks now. This is very normal, and super beneficial to your body as it protects the birth canal from infection. However, it might not be comfortable, so invest in some light panty liners.
Pregnancy baby brain
Yes it's a thing! It's unclear why women get pregnancy baby brain - that foggy feeling or forgetfulness during pregnancy. It might be a mixture of tiredness, hormonal changes or the simple fact you have a lot going on!
Varicose veins
Another side effect you might not be too thrilled with. You can minimise the appearance of these by keeping your feet up and keeping that weight gain gradual so as not to put too much pressure on your circulatory system.
Constipation
Another repeat offender. Those pregnancy hormones and your expanding uterus putting pressure on your bowel can slow things down, making constipation in pregnancy a common symptom. Drink more water to try and keep things moving naturally.
Backache
An aching back is a common side effect of your changing hormones. It may also be related to your breasts growing in size throughout pregnancy. Try low-impact exercise such as prenatal yoga and make sure to stretch regularly.
Bleeding gums
90% of pregnant women experience gum issues, so rest assured you are not alone, despite this being a rather unspoken side effect of pregnancy. So, it's extra important to look after your teeth and gums when pregnant.
Dry, itchy, sensitive eyes
Once again it's down to those pesky hormones. You could try eye baths or over-the-counter eye drops but make sure to consult your doctor or midwife before choosing any.
Your body at 16 weeks pregnant
A growing bump
"By this stage, your baby bump is becoming more noticeable as your uterus continues to expand," says Ayanthi. But all bumps are different and that's normal - much of it depends on the size of you and your baby.
Now that your bump is starting to show, it’s very normal to struggle with the weight gain that comes with pregnancy but remember to keep your body and baby healthy. Try and eat as much nutrient-dense food, and get regular exercise.
Breast growth
It's not just your bump that's really starting to show, "Breasts may continue to enlarge and become more tender," says Ayanthi. While some mums-to-be may not see much difference - that's no cause for concern - others might be pretty pleased with this, but if you've already got a large chest it could prove irritating. Once you’ve given birth and if you choose to breastfeed, your boobs should return to their pre-pregnancy size (there’s no need to throw out your favourite bra just yet!).
Looking after you at 16 weeks pregnant
Exercise
"Engage in moderate exercise with your healthcare provider's approval. Pregnancy yoga and swimming can be good options," suggests Ayanthi. The NHS recommends you do 150 minutes of exercise per week while pregnant and if you're a keen runner, you can carry on running while pregnant with some guidance from your midwife, doctor or a personal trainer.
Health and diet
Focus on maintaining a well-balanced diet rich in nutrients. Ensure you're getting enough folic acid, iron, calcium, and other essential vitamins and minerals.
Stay hydrated
Drink plenty of water to stay hydrated, as it's crucial for both you and your baby's well-being. The NHS says, "aim to have 6 to 8 200ml glasses of water or other fluids every day, and try different kinds of drinks, such as sugar-free squash, decaf tea and coffee, fizzy water, fruit juice or smoothies."
Start pelvic floor exercises
If you haven't already, now is a good time to start pelvic floor exercises. Pregnancy and child birth can be tough on your pelvic floor muscles and so getting them prepared and strengthened during pregnancy is a good idea. It will help with your post birth recovery and any potential bladder issues.
Bra shopping
As your bump gets bigger, don't forget your boobs. Thanks to those pregnancy hormones, your breasts could go up a few cup sizes and they’ll need adequate support. The right support will also stop them sagging later on. You’ll need to get properly measured and invest in comfy, breathable, non-wired maternity bras– under wiring should be avoided as it can dig in and damage tender breast tissue.
Start your research
While you have plenty of time, it's never too early to take the time to educate yourself about childbirth, feeding, and parenting. You may want to consider attending pregnancy classes or joining support groups to connect with other expectant parents.
Maternity clothing shopping
You may start to notice changes in your body, and your regular clothes may become less comfortable. Consider investing in maternity clothing for comfort and style.
Have a play with gender tools
There are plenty of old wives’ tales on predicting whether you’re having a boy or a girl such as the Chinese Gender Predictor or the nub theory. Of course, none of these predictions are 100% accurate and are just a bit of fun. The only way to truly tell is at your 20-week scan.
Bond with your baby
"Consider activities that allow you to bond with your baby, such as playing music or talking to your belly," recommends Ayanthi.
Antenatal classes
Now might be a good time to find a local antenatal class if you would like to join one. NCT offer classes which provide information and support with the birth and caring for baby.
Scans and appointments at 16 weeks pregnant
There is not a scan at 16 weeks pregnant, but there should, however, be an antenatal appointment. At this appointment, your midwife or GP will give you information about your 20-week ultrasound anomaly scan. At this point, according to the NHS, your healthcare professional will also:
• Review, discuss and record the results of any screening tests
• Measure your blood pressure and test your urine for protein
• Consider an iron supplement if you're anaemic
You should also get the results of any blood tests that you had during your booking appointment
FAQs 16 weeks pregnant
Can you prevent stretch marks when 16 weeks pregnant?
At 16 weeks pregnant, your baby bump is probably starting to grow and while that is exciting, you might start worrying about possible stretch marks. There is no guaranteed way to stop them from developing, and if family members developed them then you might be more likely to as well. You can use creams and oils to moisturise your skin and these might help.
Can I feel my baby at 16 weeks pregnant?
Although your little one will start to move from 12 weeks, at 16 weeks the movements will not be strong enough for you to feel them. If you have been pregnant before, then there is a possibility you could feel slight movements, or 'the quickening', at 16 weeks, but it is more likely that you will first feel your baby at around 20 weeks pregnant. The NHS advises for first pregnancies especially, between 16 and 24 weeks, is when you will first feel baby move.
Is it safe to exercise when 16 weeks pregnant
Yes it's safe. Exercising throughout your pregnancy is important for both you and your growing baby. Staying active is great for strengthening your core and pelvic muscles, which help support the extra weight and get your body ready for the physical demands of labour. Swimming, yoga, walking and pilates are all good gentle exercises to do during pregnancy.
What nutrients are essential at 16 weeks?
The most essential nutrients include folic acid, iron, vitamin D, calcium, protein, and omega-3 fatty acids. These are all equally important for the baby's development and to support the mother's health during pregnancy.
Can you feel the baby at 16 weeks?
You may. Your fetus will begin to move around 12 weeks of pregnancy, but you probably won't feel it yet. If this is your first pregnancy, it's common not to feel movement until 20 weeks. Every pregnancy experience is different.
About the expert
Consultant obstetrician and gynaecologist Ms Ayanthi Gunasekera is the medical information lead at London Gynaecology. She has a keen interest in medical education and has a PG certificate in Medical Education.
About the author
Emily Gilbert is the Features & Reviews Editor for Mother&Baby and has written for the website and previously the magazine for seven years. Emily writes about everything from the top baby products to pregnancy, fertility and maternal mental health. Specialising in product reviews, Emily is the first to know about all the exciting new releases in the parenting industry.